Overview of V2G Potential - Willett Kempton

Willett Kempton - Center for Carbon-free Power Integration - University of Delaware

Presentation for - PEV "V2G" Workshop - PEV Collaborative - California ISO Headquarters - Folsom, CA - 11 April 2012

Basic V2G Math

• US car used 1 hour/day, parked 23 h/d
• Drive train output = 100 kW+
• Home power via US grid = 10 - 20 kW
• Are cars as significant power? Compare:
• US generation capacity ~1000 GW
• Light vehicles: 200 million @ 15 kW = 3,000 GW
• Thus, Cars = 3x US generation capacity

How to Maximize Value

• Bidirectional power flow: enable multiple electric services, and allow continuous participation
• Use motor drive electronics for charging/discharging -- negative cost, high power
• High power (e.g. push to J1772 limit of 19 kW, or better, use IEC-62196)

Value of high-power plug

• We like 12 - 20 kW, not 2-6 kW; 208 or 240 VAC, not 110 V (even 3? and 1?). Why?
• Driver convenience: last minute charge or roadside recharge @ a mile-a-minute
• Capacity markets: Value of grid service proportional to kW
• Renewables planning: High penetration renewables needs high capacity per car

Original: http://www.pevcollaborative.org/sites/all/themes/pev/files/docs/Kempton_V2GCAISO_PEVcollaborative120411.pdf

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